Indonesia
Indonesia
- Prevalence of FGM/C: 49% prevalence (amongst girls aged 0-14). Over 60 million women and girls in Indonesia have been cut. Of these, around three in four girls undergo FGM/C when they are less than 6 months old, with 72% undergoing the practice between 1 and 5 months of age. 15 million girls are expected to undergo FGM/C by 2030.
- Medicalization of FGM/C: 62% of girls aged 0-11 in urban areas have undergone FGM/C practiced by a health professional.
- Types of FGM/C thought to be practised: Mainly Type I and Type IV, but anecdotal or unverified reports of Type II and III.
- Legal status of FGM/C: No specific national legislation prohibiting FGM/C.
- Relevant policies relating to FGM/C:
- In 2006, the Ministry of Health criminalised FGM/C by medical professionals.
- In 2008, Indonesia’s largest Muslim clerical body issued a fatwa against the prohibition on the grounds that FGM/C is part of Sharia law.
- In 2010, the Ministry of Health issued a decree to allow FGM/C to be carried out by medical professionals.
- In early 2014, the Indonesian government revoked the earlier 2010 regulation, arguing that FGM/C has no medical urgency and therefore cannot be condoned by the government. However, the 2010 regulations make no provision for prohibiting the practice of FGM/C, and impose no penalties for those who carry out the practice.
- International commitments to end FGM/C:
- Sustainable Development Goals Target 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and FGM/C.
- Voluntary national reporting indicator 5.3.2: Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by age.
- Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Ratified in 1984.
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): Ratified in 1990.
